Nilaparvata

The small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus is a widespread pest of rice and wheat crops that causes serious economic loss in the main rice-producing areas of China. To clarify issues such as the genetic differentiation, genetic structure, and demographic history of SBPH populations, we used specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) to investigate the genetic diversity, genetic structure and phylogeography of SBPH populations at 27 sampling sites from three climatic zones of China. In total, 115.95M reads, 56,355 polymorphic specific-locus amplified fragments, and 32556 reliable single nucleotides (SNPs) were obtained. The results indicated that the genotypes of many polymorphism sites were low heterozygous in every sample. Phylogenetic analyses indicated a random distribution across the sampling localities, and there was no distinct geographic distribution pattern. Overall, there were adequate gene flows among SBPH populations. Principal component analysis and STRUCTURE analysis revealed that there was no evidence genetic cluster. AMOVA showed there is no significantly genetic structure between populations located in three main bioclimatic zones. Neutrality testing and mismatch distribution analysis provided no strong evidence for a recent rapid expansion with any recent genetic bottleneck in these populations. Accordingly, the results of the present study should be beneficial for SBPH management and provide insight into the genetic of SBPH.