Raw pXRF data — pastoral campsites and landscape controls, Khor Rori (Dhofar, Oman)

Raw portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) results for 1,439 surface sediment samples collected in the Khor Rori area (Dhofar Governorate, Oman) in January 2025, supporting: Koutroumpas A, Lischi S, Ruiz-Giralt A, Rix KS, Ibáñez-Insa J, Lancelotti C, Biagetti S. Elemental fingerprints of pastoral activity: Comparative geochemical and spatial analysis of ephemeral campsites in Dhofar, Oman. PLOS ONE (under review). The dataset contains one Excel file per sampling location: 13 contemporary pastoral campsites (S1–S10, S13–S15), one possible archaeological campsite (P1), two locations recharacterised as vegetation patches and excluded from the analysis (S11, S12), and 150 landscape control points (B). Each file combines the instrument results with field metadata (sample ID, activity category, coordinates). GeoJSON files give the sample points and the mapped enclosure outlines for each location. The paper is based on the 1,194 campsite samples and 150 control samples; samples excluded during preprocessing are documented in the analytical pipeline. File contents, column definitions and the folder layout required by the pipeline are described in README.md. Sampling: campsites were mapped with differential GNSS and sampled on regular grids (4 m in corrals, 2 m in domestic areas), with additional targeted samples at fireplaces, ash and midden deposits. After removal of superficial aeolian deposits, sediment was collected at a depth of c. 1 cm; control points were collected with the same procedure. Sampling followed the CAMP project protocol (Biagetti et al. 2026, J Archaeol Method Theory 33:29, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-025-09759-9). Analysis: air-dried bulk samples were sieved through a 1 mm mesh into sample cups with 4.0 µm polypropylene film and measured with a Bruker CTX 800 benchtop pXRF (Rh tube, silicon drift detector), using the GeoExploration application, Oxide3phase method (factory calibration based on certified reference materials). Integration times: 30 s (30 kV), 30 s (50 kV) and 100 s (15 kV, light elements). Note: the GeoJSON files are in UTM Zone 40N (EPSG:32640); the Zenodo map preview assumes WGS84 and does not display them correctly. Open them in a GIS or R. Analytical pipeline: https://github.com/project-camp/camp-public