Dataset and code for: An auditable measurement chain for post-weld backside height labels in keyhole plasma arc welding: application to topside vision-based prediction

This dataset accompanies a manuscript on an auditable measurement chain for post-weld backside height in keyhole plasma arc welding with copper backing. AISI 304 plates (250 × 65 × 6 mm) were welded at 155–250 A and 6 mm/s; the weld backside was scanned after welding with a point chromatic confocal displacement sensor (280 transverse profiles per weld at a pitch of about 0.5 mm), and each profile was mapped to material coordinates through punched anchors and paired with the topside process image whose actual timestamp is nearest to the target time. Contents: record-level backside-height labels of 21 Z-series welds (5880 profiles; 4155 core records of 15 welds) with quality flags; image–label pairing; per-fold model inputs; out-of-fold predictions, metrics and run settings of all models (leave-one-weld-out validation, three random seeds); confocal and metallographic heights of 13 cross-sections; per-profile results of the supplementary B series (1120 profiles); per-weld exclusion-band sensitivity; and the code for measurement processing, model training, Grad-CAM and figures. A SHA256 manifest of all files is included. Raw images and raw scan files are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Data are licensed under CC BY 4.0 and code under the MIT License. See README.md for the folder layout and conventions.