Estimates of baseline trap encounter rates λk (SE) for black bears sampled with hair snares.

Estimates of baseline trap encounter rates λk (SE) for black bears sampled with hair snares over four 14-day occasions in Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan, estimated with spatial capture-recapture models for the full data set and three reduced data sets. Values correspond to female λk, β(male) is the effect of being a male on λk on the log-scale.*Reduced trap array area – 50% innermost traps used.**Reduced trap array area – 20% southernmost traps used.***Increased trap spacing by random removal of 50% of the traps.