Residual, debt stock-flow reconciliation

The residual difference, i.e. the change in stock not explained by any of the factors identified under debt stock-flow reconciliation, is calculated as the sum of identified accounts minus the change in stock. Where the latter is large it can, in some cases, serve as an illustration of the inconsistencies in the reported data. More often however, it can be explained by specific borrowing phenomenon in individual countries. Data are in current U.S. dollars.