The phylogeny and function of gut microbiota associated with host geographic/genetic distance and biological characteristics (data S1)

Symbiotic microbiomes play important roles in hosts’ adaptation and evolution. Here, the gut bacterial communities in Cephalcia chuxiongica, a key pest of pines in China, were studied for the first time by using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The composition of gut bacterial communities differed in different C. chuxiongica geographic populations, while the various microbes performed similar functions, suggesting some kinds of functional complementation. The predicted functional profiles of microbes indicated that most of identified KEGG Pathways were shared by different populations, in which metabolism was the most dominant functional pathway. Moreover, the function of major microbes associated with host dietary specialization (pine needles), such as cellulose degradation. All samples contained abundant Wolbachia, which may play important roles on the parthenogenesis of C. chuxiongica. The high abundances of Serratia and Sphingomonas in samples suggest that gut microbiota may crucial for...