THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF DISEASES ACCOMPANIED BY PURULENT INFLAMMATION OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT ON ORGAN SYSTEMS AND THE SPECIFICS OF THEIR DIAGNOSIS

Because of their extensive distribution and the high rates of morbidity and mortality that have been documented globally, respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the subject of public health advancements. The clinical spectrum spans from a mild or asymptomatic infection to a serious or lethal illness. In order to offer patients with appropriate and timely care, diagnostics must be completed quickly. The current algorithm for the laboratory diagnosis of RTIs uses a variety of techniques, including cutting-edge ones like molecular methods, which are mostly used to detect viruses and atypical bacteria, and gold-standard conventional methods, of which traditional culture is the most popular. As a major global cause of morbidity and mortality, viral respiratory infections (VRIs) are a serious public health issue. Influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are among the respiratory viruses that cause illness. These viruses cause an antiviral immune response, which in turn increases the inflammatory response that is essential to their pathogenesis. Since the inflammatory response brought on by respiratory viruses might initially be both antiviral and protective or reparative of virus-induced damage, it can be a double-edged sword. However, it may also be harmful to the tissues and cells of the host. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms that distinguish the intricate interactions between beneficial host inflammatory responses and detrimental inflammatory responses. The intricate relationship between viral pathogens and the host immune response is examined in this review, with a primary emphasis on the part inflammation plays in the pathophysiology of VRIs. We go over how inflammation can both slow down and speed up the spread of viral infections, pointing out new medications and possible therapeutic targets for reducing the abnormal inflammatory reactions that occur during VRIs.