Community Acquired Pneumonia

This data set is from two public (one each secondary and tertiary) and two private (one secondary and one tertiary) health care facilities at Delhi, Kolkata, Pune and Chennai. All patients aged ≥60 years admitted in medicine, pulmonary and geriatric wards of the selected facilities between 4th December 2018 to 20th March 2020 were screened using an operational definition modified from 2009 update of British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines , described as new onset cough within last 10 days along with at least one lower respiratory tract symptom (dyspnea, chest pain), and at least one systemic feature (sweating, fevers, shivers, aches and pains and/or temperature of 38° C or more) and tachypnea with a respiratory rate> 20/min or a physician diagnosed pneumonia. Patients who had been hospitalized for > 48 hours in the hospital or any other facility for the same episode of illness were not enrolled to exclude possible nosocomial illnesses.
At the time of enrollment, trained project nurses collected data about age, sex, influenza vaccination in past one year, history of current smoking and use of alcohol and pre-existing chronic morbidity by interviewing participants. Details of clinical assessment, diagnostic tests results of hemogram, blood urea, blood glucose, X-ray and use of medications were gathered by reviewing medical records using a standard data collection tool on open data kit (ODK) modules on handheld tablets. The enrolled participants' nasal and oropharyngeal specimens were collected within 48 hours of admission using the standard protocol. These combined swabs were placed immediately into viral transport media (VTM) on ice or ice pack, triple-sealed for transportation. All the specimens were transported to the respective virology laboratory of the institute on the same day. Viral RNA was extracted using the QiAmp Viral RNA kit (Qiagen, Germany) as per the manufacturer’s protocols. We used U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) approved one-step Real Time-PCR protocol and primers and probes for influenza and RSV virus to detect the influenza (A and B) and RSV virus. All samples were also tested for human metapneumovirus (hMPV), parainfluenza viruses (PIV), rhinoviruses and adenoviruses using a multiplex kit developed by National institute of Virology .The study team visited the hospitals every alternate day to enroll new patients and evaluate the existing ones till discharge. Any change in status of the patient or admission to the ICU was noted. After discharge, participants were followed up telephonically on day 7 and day 30 from the date of discharge to collect data on their outcome status. During telephonic follow-up, if a participant could not be contacted on first attempt, two more attempts were made to contact within next 7 days, before categorizing a participant as lost to follow-up. The outcomes were categorized as alive and at home, alive and readmitted, dead, or lost to follow-up.

本数据集源于德里、加尔各答、普纳和钦奈的两组公共（分别来自二级和三级）及两组私人（分别来自二级和三级）医疗保健设施。在2018年12月4日至2020年3月20日期间，所选设施内60岁及以上因内科、呼吸系统和老年病病房入院的患者，均使用经过修改的英国胸科学会（BTS）2009年更新指南的操作定义进行筛查，该定义描述为在过去10天内出现新发咳嗽，并伴有至少一种下呼吸道症状（呼吸困难、胸痛）以及至少一种全身性特征（出汗、发热、寒战、全身疼痛及/或体温≥38°C）和呼吸急促，呼吸频率>20次/分钟，或由医生诊断为肺炎。排除可能发生的医院内感染，未将因同一次疾病在医院或其他设施内住院时间超过48小时的患者纳入研究。在纳入研究时，经过培训的项目护士通过访谈参与者收集有关年龄、性别、过去一年内流感疫苗接种史、当前吸烟史、酒精使用史和既往慢性疾病的资料。通过审查医疗记录，并使用手持平板电脑上的开放数据包（ODK）模块上的标准数据收集工具，收集了临床评估的详细信息、血常规、血尿素、血糖、X光检查结果以及药物使用的详细信息。在入院48小时内，按照标准方案收集了纳入研究参与者的鼻咽拭子标本。这些合并拭子立即放入装有冰或冰块的病毒运输介质（VTM）中，并三重密封以进行运输。所有标本均在同一天运送至研究所的相应病毒学实验室。使用Qiagen（德国）的QiAmp病毒RNA试剂盒，按照制造商的协议提取病毒RNA。我们使用了美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）批准的一步法实时PCR方案、引物和探针来检测流感（A型和B型）和呼吸道合胞病毒。所有样本还使用国家病毒学研究所开发的multiplex试剂盒检测人类副流感病毒（hMPV）、副流感病毒（PIV）、鼻病毒和腺病毒。研究团队每隔一天访问医院，以纳入新患者并评估现有患者直至出院。记录了患者状况的变化或入住重症监护室的情况。出院后，从出院之日起的第7天和第30天通过电话随访参与者，收集其结局状态数据。在电话随访期间，如果首次尝试无法联系到参与者，则在接下来的7天内再尝试联系两次，否则将参与者归类为失访。结局被分为存活在家、存活后再次入院、死亡或失访。