Cell type specific information processing in inhibitory and excitatory neurons

Sensory neurons reconstruct the world from action potentials (spikes) impinging on them. Recent work argues that the formation of sensory representations are cell-type specific, as excitatory and inhibitory neurons use complementary information available in spike trains to represent sensory stimuli. Here, by measuring the mutual information between synaptic input and spike trains, we show that inhibitory and excitatory neurons in the barrel cortex transfer information differently: excitatory neurons show strong threshold adaptation and a reduction of intracellular information transfer with increasing firing rates. Inhibitory neurons, on the other hand, show threshold behaviour that facilitates broadband information transfer. We propose that cell-type specific intracellular information transfer is the rate-limiting step for neuronal communication across synaptically coupled networks. Ultimately, at high firing rates, the reduction of information transfer by excitatory neurons and its facilitation by inhibitory neurons together provides a mechanism for sparse coding and information compression in cortical networks.