Effects of 4-n-nonylphenol in liver of viviparous fish (Poecilia vivipara)

Nonylphenol ethoxylates break down into nonylphenol (NP) and other derivatives like nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NPEO1) and nonylphenol diethoxylate (NPEO2) through ethoxy group loss.NP, a prominent endocrine disruptor, persists in the environment, accumulates in organisms, and poses toxicity concerns. It constitutes 80% of total APEOS and is prevalent in aquatic environments for extended periods. NP can bind to estrogen receptors, disrupt endocrine functions, affect aromatase activity, and trigger vitellogenin induction in fish, among other effects.NP contamination spans various water sources globally, prompting regulatory bodies like CEPA, USEPA, French Water Agency, ECHA, and OSPAR to designate it as a high-priority hazardous substance with disposal guidelines. Conversely, Brazilian regulations lack specific APEO levels in drinking water standards.This study aims to characterize the hepatic transcriptome of NP-treated Poecilia vivipara fish.