Microbiome data of the Prebiotics restoration of gut microbiome project

Diet has been shown to be one of the major modulators of the microbiota-gut-brain axis across the lifespan. Milk bioactive components including human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) (e.g. fucosyllactose and sialyllactose), and prebiotics (e.g. GOS/FOS) are known to promote viability of commensal bacteria, boost intestinal barrier and improve cognitive development. Here we investigate the ability of HMOs and GOS/FOS alone or in combination to counter the behavioural and physiological effects of early-life microbiota depletion via broad-spectrum antibiotics (ABX) in mice. ABX impaired social recognition in adolescence, which was reversed by HMOs, GOS/FOS and HMOs+GOS/FOS supplementation. Transcriptomic analysis in brain areas linked to social memory (amygdala and prefrontal cortex), revealed pathways for CNS development and learning and memory to be sensitive to HMOs+GOS/FOS supplementation. Together, our data show that prebiotics and milk bioactive components exert beneficial effects on the host by reversing antibiotic-related deficits on adolescent brain and behaviour.