ENSO-Driven Climate Variability and Dengue & Leptospirosis - Sri Lanka, 2007–2025

Use Case Name ENSO-Driven Climate Variability and Dengue & Leptospirosis in Sri Lanka. Dataset Name ENSO-Driven Climate Variability and Dengue & Leptospirosis Dataset Description analysis_df: District-level monthly dengue, leptospirosis, ENSO, and environmental time-series data (2007–2025) used to estimate district-specific distributed-lag associations between ONI and dengue and leptospirosis incidence and generate prospective ENSO-associated relative-risk estimates for 2026. covariate_matrix: District-level environmental and socioeconomic covariates, including land cover, human settlement, vegetation, rainfall, and soil moisture derived from ESA Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) Essential Climate Variables (ECVs), used in second-stage meta-regression to investigate spatial heterogeneity in ENSO–dengue associations. Temporal Domain 2007–2025 Spatial Domain Sri Lanka, covering all 25 administrative districts. Epidemiological and climate variables are represented at the district level. The analysis includes monthly observations for each district, while district-level environmental and Earth observation covariates are used to characterize spatial heterogeneity in disease–climate associations. Key Variables Disease outcomes: monthly dengue and leptospirosis cases by district. Climate exposure: Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), Dipole Mode Index (DMI), and Niño 3.4 sea-surface temperature anomaly. Meteorological variables: monthly rainfall totals, rainfall anomalies, and rolling rainfall measures. Earth observation/environmental variables: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), NDVI anomalies, soil moisture, land-cover composition, and Human Settlement Index (HSI). Spatial covariates: administrative district and province identifiers and population. Data Format CSV files. Source Data The analytical datasets were compiled from multiple sources, including national disease surveillance data from the Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka, and climate and Earth observation datasets used to characterize ENSO and local environmental conditions. ENSO indicators include the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), Dipole Mode Index (DMI), and Niño 3.4 sea-surface temperature anomaly. Local environmental variables include rainfall, NDVI, soil moisture, land-cover characteristics, and Human Settlement Index derived from ESA-ECV Earth observation products. Limitations/ Assumptions Disease surveillance data are based on routinely reported cases and may be affected by differences in healthcare-seeking behaviour, diagnosis, reporting completeness, and surveillance intensity across districts and over time