Mitogenomics dataset for the Rasborinae of Sundaland

Aim: Eustasy has long been put forward to explain the colonization of
Southeast Asian islands by freshwater aquatic organisms. We examined the
relative impact of Sundaland geology since the Oligocene and of
Pleistocene Eustatic Fluctuations on the mitochondrial lineage
diversification of a species-rich subfamily of Cypriniformes fishes widely
distributed in Southeast Asia, the Rasborinae. We specifically tested if
variations in the extent of exposed lands and island connectivity during
Pleistocene eustasy (the Paleoriver hypothesis) induced bursts of
diversification. Location: Sundaland Taxon: Rasborinae (Actinopterygii,
Cypriniformes, Danionidae) Methods: We aggregated 1,017 cytochrome oxidase
I sequences and 79 mitogenomes to delineate Molecular Operational
Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) and further reconstruct a time-calibrated
phylogeny of Rasborinae. Ancestral area estimations were conducted using
both island and paleoriver partitioning to examine the impact of island
connectivity during Pleistocene eustasy on dispersal. Temporal trends of
diversification are explored through a model-based approach. Results: The
origin of Sundaland mitochondrial lineages is dated at ca. 33 Ma and four
major clades are identified, which diversified between ca. 31 and 22 Ma.
The Island of Borneo and North Sunda paleoriver are identified as the
source of Sundaland Rasborinae. Geographical patterns of lineage
divergence indicate that most divergence events occurred within islands
and diversification under constant birth rate models are the most likely
for all clades. Conclusions: The geographical and historical context of
diversification of mitochondrial lineages in Rasborinae provides little
support for the Paleoriver Hypothesis. The onset of isolation of Borneo
from mainland Asia triggered the initial diversification of the group (ca.
31-22 Ma). The late colonization of Java and Sumatra occurred through
several independent dispersal events, poorly explained by Pleistocene
eustasy, and frequently followed by in situ diversification.