Ovarian stimulation induces cell-free mtDNA mutations in follicular fluid with impact on oocyte quality and in vitro outcomes

This study explores the impact of ovarian stimulation during IVF on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in follicular fluid, aiming to understand their potential as biomarkers for IVF outcomes. The experimental design involved 24 women (21 successfully sequenced) under 35, undergoing their first IVF cycle without infertility issues. Blood samples were collected before stimulation, and follicular fluid was obtained during oocyte retrieval. Long-PCR amplification and next-generation sequencing identified mtDNA mutations, while embryo quality was assessed using the ASEBIR scoring system. By linking ovarian stimulation protocols with oxidative stress and mtDNA mutation accumulation, the study provides insights into how these molecular changes may affect oocyte quality and embryo viability. These findings emphasize the relevance of refining IVF protocols, such as adjusting stimulation durations or incorporating antioxidants, to improve reproductive outcomes and offer a personalized approach to fertility treatment. This work advances our understanding of the molecular basis of IVF success.