CETD, a global compound events detection and visualisation toolbox and dataset

Compound events (CEs) are attracting increased attention due to their significant societal and ecological impacts. However, their inherent complexity can pose challenges for climate scientists and practitioners, highlighting the need for a more approachable and intuitive framework for detecting and visualising CEs. Here we introduce a Compound Events Toolbox and Dataset (CETD), which provides the first integrated, interactive and extensible platform for CEs detection and visualisation. Employing observations, reanalysis, and model simulations, CETD can quantify the frequency, duration, severity and start/end date of multiple climatic CE types: multivariate, sequential and concurrent events. It can analyse CEs often linked to severe impacts on human health, wildfires, and air pollution, such as hot-dry, wet-windy, and hot-dry-stagnation. To validate the performance of CETD, we conduct statistics for several historical high-impact events, such as the 2019 Australian wildfires and the 2022 European heatwaves. The accessibility and extensibility of CETD will benefit the broader community through better understanding and preparedness of the risks and challenges of CEs in the warming world.复合事件（Compound Events, CEs）因其显著的社会与生态影响而日益受到关注。然而其固有的复杂性给气候科学家与从业者带来了诸多挑战，凸显出开发更易用、直观的复合事件检测与可视化框架的必要性。本研究介绍了复合事件工具箱与数据集（Compound Events Toolbox and Dataset, CETD），这是首个集成化、交互式且可扩展的复合事件检测与可视化平台。该工具箱依托观测数据、再分析数据与模式模拟结果，可量化多类气候复合事件的发生频次、持续时长、强度及起止日期，涵盖多变量型、时序型与并发型复合事件。其可分析与人类健康、野火及空气污染等严重影响相关的复合事件，例如干热型、湿风型以及干热停滞型复合事件。为验证CETD的性能，本研究针对多起历史高影响事件开展统计分析，例如2019年澳大利亚野火事件与2022年欧洲热浪事件。CETD的易用性与可扩展性将助力更广范围的科研与应用群体，提升学界对变暖背景下复合事件相关风险与挑战的认知，并增强应对准备能力。