River plastic emissions to the world's oceans

Plastics in the marine environment have become a major concern because of their persistence at sea, and adverse consequences to marine life and potentially human health. Implementing mitigation strategies requires an understanding and quantification of marine plastic sources, taking spatial and temporal variability into account. Here we present a global model of plastic inputs from rivers into oceans based on waste management, population density and hydrological information. Our model is calibrated against measurements available in the literature. We estimate that between 1.15 and 2.41 million tonnes of plastic waste currently enters the ocean every year from rivers, with over 74% of emissions occurring between May and October. The top 20 polluting rivers, mostly located in Asia, account for 67% of the global total. The findings of this study provide baseline data for ocean plastic mass balance exercises, and assist in prioritizing future plastic debris monitoring and mitigation strategies.Modelled plastic inputs into the ocean from rivers worldwide.The shapefile contains 40,760 river input locations (EPSG:4326, WGS 84) with the following attributes:i_level: plastic input in tonnes per year. (level=low, mid or high for lower, midpoint and upper estimates)i_level_month: plastic input in tonnes per month. (level=low,mid,high; month=jan,feb,...,dec)runoff_month: monthly averaged runoff in catchment in mm per day. (month=jan,feb,...,dec)mpw: mismanaged plastic waste production in catchment in tonnes per year. area: catchment area in square kilometers.海洋环境中的塑料已成为备受关注的重大议题，因其在海洋中持久留存，并对海洋生物乃至人类健康造成不利影响。 要实施塑料污染缓解策略，需先明确海洋塑料的来源并对其进行量化，同时需兼顾时空变异性因素。 本研究提出了一套基于废物管理水平、人口密度及水文信息的全球河流塑料入海通量模型。该模型以现有文献中的实测数据为参照进行校准。 经估算，当前每年约有115万至241万吨塑料废物经河流进入海洋，其中超74%的排放发生在5月至10月期间。 污染最为严重的前20条河流（大多位于亚洲）贡献了全球总排放量的67%。 本研究结果可为海洋塑料质量平衡研究提供基准数据，并可为后续海洋塑料碎屑监测与污染缓解策略的优先级划定提供支撑。 本数据集包含全球河流向海洋输入塑料的模拟结果。该shapefile文件包含40760个河流输入点位（坐标参考系为EPSG:4326，WGS 84），附带以下属性字段： i_level：年塑料输入通量，单位为吨/年，level字段分为low（低估算值）、mid（中值估算值）与high（高估算值）三类； i_level_month：月塑料输入通量，单位为吨/月，level字段分类同上，month字段涵盖jan（1月）至dec（12月）的全部月份； runoff_month：流域月平均径流量，单位为毫米/天，month字段分类同上； mpw：流域内管理不当的塑料废物年产量，单位为吨/年； area：流域面积，单位为平方千米。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集提供了一个全球模型，用于估计河流向海洋排放的塑料废物量，基于废物管理、人口密度和水文数据。它估计每年有1.15至2.41百万吨塑料从河流进入海洋，其中排放高峰在5月至10月，且亚洲河流占主导地位。数据集包含40,760个河流输入点的详细属性，如塑料输入量、径流和流域面积，旨在为海洋塑料质量平衡研究和缓解策略提供基线数据。