Transcriptomic heterogeneity of Coeliac Disease biopsies from the duodenum

Here, we present a high-resolution analysis of the transcriptomes extracted from duodenal probes of 25 children and adolescents with active CD and 21 children without CD but with diverse intestinal afflictions as controls. We found that the transcriptomes of CD patients divide into three subgroups, a mixed group resembling part of control cases and a CD-low and CD-high groups referring to lower and higher levels of CD severity Despite generally increased inflammation, considerable variation in inflammation-level between subgroups was observed, which was further de-chiffred into immune cell types using immune cell de-convolution one biopsy (15–20 mg) was taken from descending duodenum of each patient. Fresh tissue samples were snap frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen until preparation. Frozen biopsies were disrupted and homogenized by TissueLyzer from Quiagen (Hilden, Germany). Total RNA was isolated using AllPrep® DNA/RNA Micro kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) and stored at -70°C.