Genetic diversity and ecogeographical niche overlap among hybridizing ox-eye daisies (Leucanthemum, Asteraceae) in the Carpathian Mountains: the impact of anthropogenic disturbances

This study examines the ecogeographical niche overlap and genetic diversity among three Leucanthemum species in the Carpathian Mountains: the lowland L. ircutianum (4x), the montane L. rotundifolium (2x), and the alpine L. gaudinii (2x). Previous research noted hybridization between L. rotundifolium and L. gaudinii, but our analysis reveals more extensive hybridization across all three species, with additional potential hybridization events among the hybrids. Over 600 individuals were genotyped using SNP analysis, followed by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), Neighbor-Net Network, and Structure clustering. These analyses uncovered distinct genetic groups corresponding to particular taxa and supported the formation of hybrids. Within species-specific clusters, L. rotundifolium is divided into western and south-eastern populations, while L. gaudinii and L. ircutianum demonstrate close genetic relationships. Our analyses suggest hybridization between all species pairs and the potential..., Data Collection
The dataset was gathered through extensive fieldwork across the Carpathian Mountains, focusing on three species of ox-eye daisies (Leucanthemum ircutianum, L. rotundifolium, L. gaudinii and their hybrids). Over 600 individual plants were sampled from various elevations and habitats to capture the genetic diversity and distribution patterns of these species.
Genetic Analysis
DNA was extracted from dried leaf samples using a DNA extraction kit. The ploidy levels of the samples were determined using flow cytometry. For genetic analysis, DArTSeq technology was employed to sequence the DNA, providing a comprehensive overview of the genetic makeup of the collected samples. The raw genetic data were filtered to remove low-quality and monomorphic loci, resulting in a dataset with high-confidence genetic markers.
Environmental Data
Environmental data were collected for each sampling site, including bioclimatic variables and geographical coordinates. These data were used to model ..., , # Genetic diversity and ecogeographical niche overlap among hybridizing ox-eye daisies (*Leucanthemum*, Asteraceae) in the Carpathian Mountains: the impact of anthropogenic disturbances

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cvdncjtcd](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cvdncjtcd)

### Summary

This dataset supports a study on the genetic diversity and ecogeographical niche overlap among three species of ox-eye daisies (*Leucanthemum ircutianum, L. rotundifolium, L. gaudinii*, and their hybrids) in the Carpathian Mountains. The study focuses on how anthropogenic disturbances and climate change affect these species' distributions and hybridization. The dataset includes genetic data, environmental data, and human disturbance indices.

### Description of the Data and File Structure

#### Genetic Data

* **Files:** Files begin with 01. Files contain:
* *01_filtered_reads.csv* - filtered reads in a csv format
* *01_filtered_reads.RData* - filtered reads as an R object
* *01_vcf_files.zip* - filter...