Ungulate migration a cultural phenomenon

Data describes the migratory propensity of GPS-collared bighorn sheep (n=267) and moose (n=189) and their ability track plant phenology. Each line in the data frame describes where an individual (AID) resided (POP; see Fig. 1 of manuscript for map illustrating spatial distribution of individuals), the year in which the animals movements were observed (YEAR), whether the animal was migratory or not (MIG), and how well the animal tracked plant phenology (OBSmedIRG). The amount of knowledge an individual possessed about its landscape (KNOW) is a function of how well it tracked plant phenology (OBSmedIRG) relative to simulated individuals that foraged at random (RANDmedIRG) and simulated individuals with complete knowledge about local patterns of plant phenology (OMNmedIRG). These measurements were collected for individual bighorn sheep and moose within populations that were translocated into their respective landscapes zero to greater than two hundred years ago (TIME).