Supplemental Data: Factors influencing producers’ implementation of internal teat sealant use and selective dry cow therapy on automated milking systems farms in Ontario - a focus group study

We recruited 21 Ontario AMS producers (16 using and 5 not using ITS) through veterinary clinics and AMS dealers and conducted four focus groups (median group size: 5 producers, ranging from 4 to 6) between December 2024 and January 2025. Focus groups were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Four main themes were generated: producer’s assessment of farm suitability; prior experiences shape current dry-off management decisions; opinions from trusted sources influence decision-making, and risk of practice implementation.