17 Landmarks from modern human skulls

Coordinates of 17 landmarks of modern human skulls. They have not been subjected to Procrustes superimposition. See paper from Bucchi and Fonseca for details: Shape variation among skull regions using geometric morphometrics.

Open in R: readRDS(file = "data.rds")

The skulls are held at the Subactual Collection of Santiago (Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile)

Landmark configuration:

Number

Landmark

Location

1

Nasion

The point of the intersection between the frontonasal suture and the midsagittal plane

2, 8

Fontomalar (paired: right and left)

Most anterior point of the zygomaticofrontal suture

3, 9

Superior zigotemporale (paired)

Most superior point in the temporozygomatic suture

4, 10

Porion (paired)

Lateral most part of the superior margin of the external auditory meatus

5, 11

Mastoidale (paired)

point at the lowest point of the mastoid process

6, 12

Zygomaxillare (paired)

Most inferior point in the zygomaticomaxillary suture

7, 13

Ectomalare (paired)

The most posterior point on the alveolar bone

14, 16

Pterion (paired)

 Intersection of the frontal, sphenoid, parietal and the squamous part of temporal bone

15, 17

Asterion (paired)

Point where the temporal, parietal and occipital bones meet