Role of the gut-brain axis via the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve in stress resilience of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in mice exposed to chronic restrain stress

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is the most widely used illicit compound worldwide; however, several recent observational studies demonstrated that lifetime MDMA use in the US adults was associated with lower risk of depression and suicide thought. Recently, we reported that the gut-brain axis might play a role in stress resilience of MDMA in mice. Given the vagus nerve in the gut-brain axis, we examined whether the subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (SDV) can affect stress resilience of MDMA in mice exposed to chronic restrain stress (CRS).