ATMESHET Cruise, RV Hespérides

TEMPORAL ANALYSIS AND SPATIAL MODELING OF ACTIVE TECTONIC AND VOLCANIC PROCESSES USING GNSS TIME SERIES AND SEISMOGEODETICS IN THE SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS AND ANTARCTIC PENINSULA (ATMESHET) SUMMARY This project proposes the establishment of a network of seismic geodetic stations integrated with cGNSS stations and MEMS accelerometers, along with tide gauges in their vicinity. This configuration enables the acquisition of unified topocentric series, 3D accelerations, and instantaneous sea level data. Its key feature lies in transitioning from episodic observations to continuous cGNSS observations at the vertices of the Antarctic Geodetic Network in Spanish (RGAE Network). The ability to generate time series conceptually alters the temporal analysis of geodynamic evolution. The analytical study and statistical analysis provide precise information regarding the detection, behavior, and forecast of tectonic and/or volcanic geodynamic processes in the Shetland Islands region of the South, Bransfield Sea, and Antarctic Peninsula (SHETPENANT). The establishment of more precise 3D geodynamic models will facilitate a detailed study of the subduction process of the Phoenix microplate. The temporal analysis of the obtained series will reveal the pre-seismic, co-seismic, and post-seismic phases of the geodynamic process. Their assessment will yield crucial insights into the nature of the process. The instantaneous sea level data will enable correlation with the process's magnitude, establishing a pattern for tsunami generation in the region. GNSS time series will offer ionospheric and tropospheric models, showing their temporal evolution and variation with geodynamic activity. This involves calculating parameters such as total electron content (TEC) and precipitable water vapor (PWV). A comprehensive review of the 3D series on the geodynamic mechanism of Deception Island will be conducted. GNSS processing will be performed using various scientific software (such as Bernese and GIPSY) and different constellations, including multi-constellation approaches. Particular emphasis will be placed on evaluating the performance of the Galileo system and its contribution to determining deformation parameters for geodynamic applications. The exploration will extend to kinematic techniques and methods for processing GNSS observations. This project comprises several components: Design and development of multiparameter GNSS Network, MEMS accelerometer, and tide gauge in the South Shetland Islands, Bransfield Sea, and Antarctic Peninsula (SHETPENANT). Review and analysis of GNSS processing techniques to evaluate the performance of both GPS and Galileo systems. Methodological actions for temporal analysis of tectonic and/or volcanic geodynamical processes in the SHETPENANT region. Spatial modeling to represent this geodynamical activity. Application to other regions with significant tectonic and/or volcanic processes: the Mexican Volcanic Belt and Popocatépetl volcano in Mexico, and the subduction of the Cocos plate and Concepción volcano in Nicaragua.