Identification of Potential Antivenom Activities from Malaysian Herb Alpinia purpurata against Malaysian Venomous Snakes using Liquid-Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Approach

Snakebite envenomation is a major health concern in ASEAN countries, including Malaysia. Current available antivenom involves immunising Equines with non-lethal doses of snake venom which poses numerous drawbacks, including adverse side effects like anaphylaxis. Medicinal plants, known for their rich phytochemical profiles, present a potential solution. This study investigates the antivenom potential of Alpinia purpurata (red ginger) against seven Malaysian snake species using protein precipitation assays, cell viability assays, LC-MS/MS for protein identification, and in-silico molecular docking to visualise protein interactions. Our findings overall indicate A. purpurata as a potential source of natural antivenom.