Multi-Temporal Ecosystem Service Classification Products for Xinjiang from 2000 to 2023

This dataset, titled “Multi-period Ecosystem Service Classification Products of Xinjiang, 2000–2023”, was produced using Landsat satellite imagery and the 2021 National Forest and Grassland Resources Survey Database of China, applying a Random Forest classification algorithm. It includes four periods—2000, 2010, 2017, and 2023—covering the entire Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region at a spatial resolution of 30 meters, referenced to the WGS84 coordinate system. The dataset consists of four GeoTIFF files named by year (e.g., “2000.tif”).The data production workflow includes building the classification system, selecting sample datasets, feature extraction, and Random Forest classification. Following the national ecological functional zoning, vegetation ecosystem services were categorized into three Level-I classes—agricultural production, wind prevention and sand fixation, and water conservation—and further subdivided into seven Level-II subclasses. Two non-vegetation categories, “bare land” and “others,” were also included. Sample data were derived from the 2021 National Forest and Grassland Resources Survey Database, followed by data cleaning, consistency checks with multi-source land-cover products, manual visual correction, and validation with field-collected samples. Spectral features, terrain (DEM), meteorological variables (temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration), and texture features were integrated into the classification process, which was ultimately completed using the Random Forest algorithm.Pixel values in the classification results range from 0 to 9, corresponding to background fill value, desert, cropland, wind-break/sand-fixation forest, wind-break/sand-fixation grassland, wind-break/sand-fixation shrubland, water-conservation forest, water-conservation grassland, water-conservation shrubland, and other land types. Using a 30% hold-out sample for validation, all four periods achieved an overall accuracy above 85%; the 2023 product reached an overall accuracy of 83% based on field-sample validation. No systematic missing data are present.The dataset is stored in GeoTIFF format and can be opened and processed using ENVI, ArcGIS, QGIS, and other software. It is suitable for scientific research and practical applications such as analyzing the spatiotemporal evolution of ecosystem services in Xinjiang, ecological protection planning, and ecological management decision-making.