Longevity, shade tolerance, effective and max seeding distance for each simulated species.

a Shade tolerance value (1–5). 1 =  least tolerant; 5 =  most tolerant.
b The effective seeding distance is the distance at which seed has the highest probability (e.g., P > 0.95) of reaching a site. The maximum seeding distance is that distance beyond which a seed has near zero probability (e.g., P<0.001) of reaching. Seed-dispersal probability (P) between the effective (ED) and maximum seeding distance (MD) follows a negative exponential distribution [51].