Insights into the composition and evolution of venom proteins collected from artificial host eggs in Trichogramma dendrolimi

Trichogramma dendrolimi is one of most successfully industrialized Trichogramma species for agricultural and forestry pest control. We used artificial host eggs to replicate the natural oviposition behavior of wasps for the extraction of authentic venom components from T. dendrolimi. We integrated the proteome of venom proteins obtained through artificial host egg AHEs and the transcriptome of the VA venom apparatus to identify the venom protein of T. dendrolimi. A total of 649 putative venom proteins were identified, with the majority being hydrolases, oxidoreductases, proteasomes, transferases, protease inhibitors, isomerases, ligases, and lyases. Among these, hydrolases, particularly serine proteases, were the most abundant protein group in T. dendrolimi venom. A total of 649 putative venom proteins were identified, predominantly comprising hydrolases, oxidoreductases, proteasomes, transferases, protease inhibitors, isomerases, ligases, and lyases, with hydrolases, especially serine proteases, standing out as the predominant protein group in T. dendrolimi venom.