Hetaerina SNPs data for: Genomic differentiation and niche divergence in the Hetaerina americana (Odonata) cryptic species complex

The evolution of reproductive barriers, that is, the speciation process,
implies the limitation of gene flow between populations. Different
patterns of genomic differentiation throughout the speciation continuum
may provide insights into the causal evolutionary forces of species
divergence. In this study, we analyzed a cryptic species complex of the
genus Hetaerina (Odonata). This complex includes H. americana and H.
calverti; however, in H. americana, two highly differentiated genetic
groups have been previously detected, which, we hypothesize, may
correspond to different species with low morphological variation. We
obtained single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for 90 individuals
belonging to the different taxa in the complex and carried out
differentiation tests to identify genetic isolation. The results from
STRUCTURE and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), based
on almost 5,000 SNPs, confirmed the presence of three highly
differentiated taxa. Also, we found FST values above 0.5 in pairwise
comparisons, which indicates a considerable degree of genetic isolation
among the suggested species. We also found low climatic niche overlap
among all taxa, suggesting that each group occurs at specific conditions
of temperature, precipitation and elevation. We propose that H. americana
comprises two cryptic species, which may be reproductively isolated by
ecological barriers related to niche divergence, since the morphological
variation is minimal and, therefore, mechanical barriers are probably less
effective compared to other related species such as H. calverti.