We prospectively studied patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). As part of a revised GDT (revGDT) protocol, the mini volume loading test (mVLT) was applied before induction of anaesthesia
a Mortality forest plot of subgroup analysis of high-quality studies based on the definition of “early” according to time criteria (hours or days) (n = 4). b Mortality forest plot of subgroup analysis
