Vocal range and ultraviolet-induced photoluminescence in gliding mammals and their relatives

Gliding is only present in six extant groups of mammals – interestingly, despite divergent evolutionary histories, all mammalian gliders are strictly nocturnal. Gliding mammals also seem to have relatively high rates of ultrasound use and ultraviolet-induced photoluminescence (UVP) in contrast with their close relatives. Therefore, we hypothesized that, despite diverging lineages, gliding mammals use similar modes of cryptic communication compared to their non-gliding counterparts. We developed two datasets containing the vocal range (minimum-maximum of the dominant harmonic; kHz) and UVP of 73 and 82 species, respectively; we report five novel vocal repertoires and 57 novel observations of the presence or absence of UVP. We complemented these datasets with information about body size, diel activity patterns, habitat openness, and sociality to explore possible covariates related to vocal production and UVP. We found that the maximum of the dominant harmonic was significant higher in gli..., Vocalizations
We developed a database beginning with a list of publications describing gliding mammal vocalizations (summarized in Table S1). The minimum requirement for each publication was describing at least one call with either a spectrographic analysis or numerical data. However, most publications described multiple call types per species or multiple species per publication (7 gliding mammals represented across 9 publications, summarized in Table S1). The databases used to search for these publications were Google Scholar, JSTOR, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library. We used the keywords acoustics, acoustic repertoire, calls, frequency, Hz, vocalizations, and ultrasound paired with an exhaustive list of currently valid and invalid genera (the most updated nomenclature was taken from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System). Across all published calls, we took the absolute minimum and maximum frequencies (kHz) of the dominant harmonic for the final analyses (this often corre..., R is required to open UltrasoundandUltraviolet_Script.R and UltrasoundandUltraviolet_Trees.nex Microsoft Excel can be used to view UltrasoundandUltraviolet_Data.csv and UltrasoundandUltraviolet_MuseumSpecimens.csv Any PDF viewer can be used to view UltrasoundandUltraviolet_UVP.pdf, # Ultrasound and Ultraviolet: Open Source Data

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We have submitted our raw data (**UltrasoundandUltraviolet_Data.csv**), museum specimen information (**UltrasoundandUltraviolet_MuseumSpecimens.csv**), raw trimmed phylogenetic trees (**UltrasoundandUltraviolet_Trees.nex**), R script (**UltrasoundandUltraviolet_Script.R**), and photo deck of all ultraviolet-induced photoluminescence samples (including all species with no UVP; **UltrasoundandUltraviolet_UVP.pdf**).

## Descriptions

### **UltrasoundandUltraviolet**\_Data

* *Name*: Currently valid scientific name
* *Mass_g_Females*: Average mass of adult females (g)
* *Mass_g_Males*: Average mass of adult males (g)
* *Temporality*: The main temporal activity patten (Nocturnal or Diurnal)
* *Gliding*: Whether or not this species can glide as a form of locomotion (Y/N)
* *Openness*: Openness of the dominant habitat
* Closed = closed canopy, tall vegetation
* Open = open canopy, short or minimal vegetation
* *Soc...