旅游旺季青藏高原人类活动压力及其生态风险空间管控——以藏中南为例

[Objective] This study aims to identify the spatial patterns of human activity pressure on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau during the peak tourism season, reveal the spatial characteristics of ecological risks resulting from the overlay of this pressure and ecological vulnerability, and propose spatially guided strategies for ecological risk prevention and control, thereby providing a scientific reference for promoting the sustainable development of ecological tourism on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. [Methods] Taking the central and southern Xizang as the study area, this study extracted Tencent location request data during the peak tourism season to construct a human activity intensity index. Ecological vulnerability was assessed by integrating three factors: soil erosion, land desertification, and habitat sensitivity. A “pressure-vulnerability-risk” discrimination matrix was constructed. Additionally, different levels of ecological risk zones were identified through spatial overlay analysis, and three types of regulation zones were delineated. [Results] (1) Human activity pressure intensity in the central and southern Xizang showed significantly uneven spatial distribution, exhibiting a “point-line-plane” spatial pattern characterized by “areal agglomerations, linear extensions, and point-like scattering”. 86.38% of the grids with location requests were situated within ecological space. (2) The ecological vulnerability assessment results indicated that 45.42% of the central and southern Xizang was at high or relatively high ecological vulnerability levels. It was identified that 11.03% of the grids with location requests were at high ecological risk level, mainly distributed in the Mount Everest-Xixiabangma region, Yamdrok Lake, Namtso Lake, the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, and along the G318 Sichuan-Xizang Highway. (3) The territorial space disturbed by human activities was partitioned into three types: ecological conservation zones (high risk), buffer supervision zones (medium risk), and guided development zones (low risk). Differentiated spatial access mechanisms and management strategies were proposed accordingly. [Conclusion] Location-based big data provides a new perspective and methodological support for monitoring ecological disturbances on the plateau. In view of the strong spatial heterogeneity and complex disturbance forms of ecological risks on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, a spatially refined identification and zoning regulation system should be implemented to achieve coordinated development between ecological resilience enhancement and high-quality utilization of tourism resources.