The Impact of Workforce Digital Literacy, HR Analytics Capability, Virtual Team Effectiveness, and Organizational Resilience on Business Sustainability

This study examines the influence of Workforce Digital Literacy, HR Analytics Capability, and Virtual Team Effectiveness on Organizational Resilience and Business Sustainability in the Indonesian plantation sector. Using a quantitative approach and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), data were collected from plantation employees to evaluate digital capability and resilience in a traditional yet digitally transforming industry. The results reveal that Workforce Digital Literacy and HR Analytics Capability significantly enhance Business Sustainability, demonstrating the strategic importance of digital skills and data-driven HR practices in supporting long-term organizational performance. Additionally, Virtual Team Effectiveness has a significant positive impact on Organizational Resilience, indicating that effective digital collaboration strengthens the organization’s ability to anticipate and respond to disruptions. However, Organizational Resilience does not significantly influence Business Sustainability and does not mediate the relationships among the examined variables. These findings highlight that sustainability outcomes in plantation operations are more directly driven by digital human capital readiness and analytics capability than by resilience alone. The study contributes to the growing literature on digital HRM and sustainability in agribusiness by emphasizing the role of digital workforce empowerment and HR analytics in enabling sustainable organizational development.