Chronic kidney disease in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease in the United Arab Emirates: A population-based study

Chronic kidney disease has become an increasingly significant clinical and public health issue, accounting for 1.1 million deaths worldwide. Information on the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease and associated risk factors is limited in the United Arab Emirates. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the incidence and causes of chronic kidney disease stages 3–5 in adult United Arab Emirates nationals with or at high risk of cardiovascular disease. This retrospective study included 491 adults with or at high risk of cardiovascular disease (diabetes mellitus or associated clinical disease) who attended outpatient clinics at a tertiary care hospital in Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was assessed every 3 months from baseline to June 30, 2017. Chronic kidney disease stages 3–5 were defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for ≥ 3 months. Multivariable Cox's proportional hazards analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors associated with developing chronic kidney disease stages 3–5. The cumulative incidence of chronic kidney disease stages 3–5 over a 9-year period was 11.4% (95% confidence interval 8.6, 14.0). The incidence rate of these disease stages was 164.8 (95% confidence interval 121.6, 207.9) per 10,000 person-years. The independent risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease stages 3–5 were older age, history of coronary heart disease, history of diabetes mellitus, and history of smoking. These data may be useful to develop effective strategies to prevent chronic kidney disease development in high-risk United Arab Emirates nationals.

慢性肾脏病已成为一项日益突出的临床和公共卫生问题，全球范围内导致110万人死亡。关于慢性肾脏病的流行病学及其相关风险因素的信息在阿拉伯联合酋长国相对有限。因此，本研究旨在评估成人阿拉伯联合酋长国民众中3-5期慢性肾脏病的发病率和病因，包括那些患有或处于心血管疾病高风险状态的人群。这项回顾性研究纳入了491名患有或处于心血管疾病高风险状态（糖尿病或相关临床疾病）的成人，他们在阿拉伯联合酋长国阿伊纳的一家三级护理医院的门诊诊所就诊。从基线至2017年6月30日，每3个月评估一次估计的肾小球滤过率。3-5期慢性肾脏病被定义为估计的肾小球滤过率低于60 mL/min/1.73 m2，且持续≥3个月。使用多变量Cox比例风险分析，确定了与3-5期慢性肾脏病发展相关的独立风险因素。在9年期间，3-5期慢性肾脏病的累积发病率为11.4%（95%置信区间为8.6至14.0）。这些疾病阶段的发病率率为每10,000人年164.8（95%置信区间为121.6至207.9）。发展3-5期慢性肾脏病的独立风险因素包括年龄较大、有冠心病史、有糖尿病史和有吸烟史。这些数据可能有助于制定有效的策略，以预防高风险阿拉伯联合酋长国民众慢性肾脏病的发展。