Table_3_The Phylosymbiosis Pattern Between the Fig Wasps of the Same Genus and Their Associated Microbiota.XLSX

Microbial communities can be critical for many metazoans, which can lead to the observation of phylosymbiosis with phylogenetically related species sharing similar microbial communities. Most of the previous studies on phylosymbiosis were conducted across the host families or genera. However, it is unclear whether the phylosymbiosis signal is still prevalent at lower taxonomic levels. In this study, 54 individuals from six species of the fig wasp genus Ceratosolen (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) collected from nine natural populations and their associated microbiota were investigated. The fig wasp species were morphologically identified and further determined by mitochondrial CO1 gene fragments and nuclear ITS2 sequences, and the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to analyze the bacterial communities. The results suggest a significant positive correlation between host genetic characteristics and microbial diversity characteristics, indicating the phylosymbiosis signal between the phylogeny of insect hosts and the associated microbiota in the lower classification level within a genus. Moreover, we found that the endosymbiotic Wolbachia carried by fig wasps led to a decrease in bacterial diversity of host-associated microbial communities. This study contributes to our understanding of the role of host phylogeny, as well as the role of endosymbionts in shaping the host-associated microbial community.

微生物群落对于许多多细胞生物而言至关重要，这可能导致与亲缘物种共享相似微生物群落的共生现象。以往关于共生现象的研究大多在宿主科或属之间进行。然而，在较低分类级别上，共生现象的信号是否仍然普遍尚不明确。在本研究中，我们对来自九个自然种群中的54个来自无花果甲虫属 Ceratosolen（膜翅目：Agaonidae）的个体及其相关微生物群进行了调查。通过形态学鉴定甲虫物种，并进一步通过线粒体CO1基因片段和核ITS2序列进行确定，并测序16S rRNA基因的V4区域以分析细菌群落。结果表明，宿主遗传特征与微生物多样性特征之间存在显著的正相关关系，这表明昆虫宿主的系统发育与属内较低分类水平的相关微生物群落的共生现象信号。此外，我们发现携带的共生菌沃尔巴克氏菌导致了宿主相关微生物群落细菌多样性的降低。本研究有助于我们理解宿主系统发育的作用，以及共生体在塑造宿主相关微生物群落中的作用。