Replication Data and Code for: Fraudulent Enrollment and the Integrity of Open-Access Online Higher Education: Evidence on Fiscal Containment From 794 U.S. Community Colleges, 2015–2025

Replication package (data and code) for the study "Fraudulent Enrollment and the Integrity of Open-Access Online Higher Education: Evidence on Fiscal Containment From 794 U.S. Community Colleges, 2015–2025". The package contains a balanced panel of 794 public two-year colleges in 47 U.S. states, assembled from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and linked to Federal Student Aid (FSA) Title IV Grant Volume data for award years 2015–16 through 2025–26, together with the code needed to reproduce the difference-in-differences estimates, power and equivalence tests, placebo, alternative-exposure, disbursement-value, and California-specific specifications reported in the article. Main result: no differential contraction in Pell Grant recipients at more heavily online institutions after federal identity-verification requirements tightened in June 2025 (interaction = 0.011 log points, SE = 0.034, 95% CI [−0.056, 0.078], p = .748).