Selected substances and signals differing between the three graded classes (healthy, GDM with mild hyperglycemia, GDM with pronounced hyperglycemia) at visits V1 and V2.

aVisit V1: gestational week 8–20; V2: gestational week 26–30.bClassification by graded criteria based on modified IADPSG definitions and the HAPO study: Healthy, normoglycemic (G0); GDM with relatively mild hyperglycemia (G1) or with more pronounced hyperglycemia (G2). Thresholds are defined in the Materials section.xConcentrations of unidentified signals in arbitrary units, but nonetheless normalized to creatinine.