The Investigation of Convective Heat Transfer within Colloidal Suspension Flow in Different Conduit Geometry

This research optimises heat exchangers with an emphasis on annular conduits. Whilst geometry modifications improve heat transfer, they may raise pressure losses. The Performance Evaluation Criterion (PEC) assesses this balance, favouring values equal to or greater than 1. Optimal results were achieved with 50° or 60° angled fins. This study also explores using clove-treated graphene nanoplatelets (CGNP) in distilled water to enhance heat transfer. Although CGNP colloidal suspensions demonstrate good stability, nanoparticle deposition on the heat transfer surface hampers potential improvements. Numerical simulations suggest that resolving this issue could enhance heat transfer performance over distilled water.