Global decline in terrain-associated vegetation heterogeneity across mountain ecosystems

This Zenodo record contains the processed datasets, figure source data and analysis code supporting the study “Global decline in terrain-associated vegetation heterogeneity”. The archive provides reproducible Python, R and Jupyter workflows used to aggregate vegetation and environmental data across elevation, slope and aspect combinations within 50-km Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment grid cells; calculate log-ratio heterogeneity indices for elevation, slope, aspect and overall topography; quantify changes in net primary productivity, leaf area index and enhanced vegetation index from 2001 to 2025; assess productivity convergence between 2001–2005 and 2021–2025; characterize asymmetric greening across initial productivity classes and terrain positions; examine hydroclimatic modulation along land-surface temperature and actual-to-potential evapotranspiration gradients; and reproduce the statistical summaries and main and supplementary figures. The processed tables contain grid-level and terrain-unit-level metrics, model inputs and outputs, uncertainty estimates and analysis-audit information. Original satellite and ancillary products are not redistributed and should be obtained from the data providers cited in the associated manuscript. The supplied code and metadata document the processing sequence, variable definitions, units, temporal coverage, quality-control criteria and correspondence between source-data files and manuscript figures.