Full-length sequence of voltage-gated sodium channels and acetylcholinesterase in houseflies.

Simultaneous full-length sequencing of voltage-gated sodium channels, a target of pyrethroid insecticides, and acetylcholinesterase, a target of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. The presence of known resistance-conferring amino acid mutations and novel resistance mutations will be investigated. The target population will be houseflies collected from livestock farms.