BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, THEIR CLASSIFICATION AND CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

This work covers the essence of biologically active substances (BFM), their chemical structure, classification, and physiological effects on living organisms. The importance of biologically active compounds in medicine, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, the food industry, and ecology is analyzed. In addition, the sources of BFM entry into the organism, their functional roles (catalytic, energetic, plastic, and regulatory), and their classification based on toxicity levels are considered. The study also focuses on the chemical classification of biologically active substances according to their carbon skeleton structure, with particular attention to nitrogen-containing compounds and heterocyclic systems (such as pyrrolidine, pyridine, indole, purine, etc.). The results demonstrate the significant role of biologically active substances in human health and environmental protection.