Vespa soror attackers were more likely to land at and chew on entrances of hives than Vespa velutina attackers.

Visits to Apis cerana colonies by V. soror (n = 857 visits) and V. velutina (n = 328 visits) hornets were observed in the same apiary and over six days per species. Attacks were monitored by observers stationed throughout the apiary and data were recorded only if hornet visits lasted at least 30 seconds and were observed from initial approach until departure from a hive. Asterisks indicate behaviors that are required to breach hive entrances and occupy nests.