Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) Sapling Study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Root Damage

Root damage, as relative electrolyte leakage, was assessed following winter freeze-thaw cycle experimental treatments in 2014 and 2015.
There were seven treatments for each species of maple. For each species, ten saplings experienced ambient temperatures (reference),
ten experienced growing season warming with no induced freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed), ten in each of four groups experienced
warming in the growing season coupled with two, four, six, or eight soil freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed + 2 FTC, warmed + 4 FTC,
warmed + 6 FTC, warmed + 8 FTC), and ten experienced snow removal in winter with ambient temperatures in the growing-season (snow removal).