Analysing the Complexities of Export and Heterogeneity of BRICS Economies

This study examines BRICS export competitiveness, focusing on economic sophistication and competitive strength. While previous research relied heavily on GDP, this study incorporates per capita income (PCI) and the GINI coefficient to capture income distribution disparities. Using quantitative methods such as the EGARCH Model, VECM, ARDL, and Cochran’s Q test, the study explores export dynamics at the product level.

Data were collected using a longitudinal survey research design covering the period from 1989 to 2022. The study relied on economic fundamentals such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), GINI coefficient (a measure of income inequality), and Per Capita Income (PCI), alongside trade indicators (Exports and Imports). Data sources included international trade databases, national statistical agencies, and economic reports. Data were collected from publicly available sources such as the World Bank, IMF, and UNCTAD, with storage and analysis conducted at Landmark University, Nigeria. Statistical models like EGARCH, VECM, ARDL, and Cochran’s Q test were used to analyze export competitiveness and economic heterogeneity among BRICS nations.

The study highlights the significance of economic role demand management, including skill discretion, meaningfulness, challenging tasks, management support, and time management, in shaping trade competitiveness. These factors significantly influence economic performance, just as eustress enhances productivity among academic staff.

Findings reveal that China leads in economic complexity and competitiveness, followed by Russia, Brazil, India, and South Africa. Economic homogeneity among BRICS nations is supported by F-test results for GDP, PCI, and GINI coefficient homogeneity, aligning with shared developmental goals. By integrating income distribution measures, this study provides a comprehensive perspective on trade competitiveness.

Grounded in Yerkes-Dodson’s Theory. The data underscore the potential for economic strategies that enhance trade competitiveness, with broader implications for quality research, teaching, and economic policy frameworks aimed at fostering sustainable global development.