"Figure 5 b" of "Beam-Energy and System-Size Dependence of Dynamical Net Charge Fluctuations"

We present measurements of net charge fluctuations in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 19.6, 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV, Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 62.4, 200 GeV, and p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s}$= 200 GeV using the dynamical net charge fluctuations measure $\nu_{+−,dyn}$. We observe that the dynamical fluctuations are non-zero at all energies and exhibit a modest dependence on beam energy. A weak system size dependence is also observed. We examine the collision centrality dependence of the net charge fluctuations and find that dynamical net charge fluctuations violate 1/$N_{ch}$ scaling, but display approximate 1/$N_{part}$ scaling. We also study the azimuthal and rapidity dependence of the net charge correlation strength and observe strong dependence on the azimuthal angular range and pseudorapidity widths integrated to measure the correlation.