Regression parameters of model-fitting hormetic responses (G0, G1 fecundity and ri) in M. persicae exposed to sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid.

ab, steepness of the curve after the maximal hormetic effect; d, untreated control; e, lower bound on the ED50 level; f, rate of stimulation; RSE, residual standard error; df, degrees of freedom. In the model, c was set to zero and α set at 0.25 [32].bdenotes fecundity of M. persicae adults continuously exposed to sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid. G0 is initial generation, G1 is progeny of G0.cdata were square-root transformed before analysis.dri is the instantaneous rate of increase of a M. persicae population exposed to low-dose imidacloprid treated potato plants.