ISLAM AND THE SPIRIT OF TOLERANCE IN BUKHARA IN THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

This article examines the phenomenon of religious tolerance in Bukhara during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The author analyzes how Islamic legal norms and the cultural traditions of the Emirate created conditions for the peaceful coexistence of the Muslim majority and religious minorities, including Bukharan Jews, Christians, and Hindus. Particular attention is devoted to the activities of the Jadids, who in the early twentieth century transformed the traditional idea of tolerance into a concept of civic enlightenment and intercultural dialogue.