Comparative genomics and untargeted metabolomics analysis of dairy-derived Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strains and their potential applications in dairy fermentation

This study explored the genomics and metabolomics of four <i>L. rhamnosus</i> strains (Probio-M9, ProSci-109, IMAU13187, and IMAU99155) in dairy environments, and their potential application in dairy fermentation. Results showed high similarity in genome size, GC content, and genetic relationship among the strains. However, they differ in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Both ProSci-109 and Probio-M9 can metabolize lactose and hydrolyze milk proteins.