Table2_Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of pak choi [Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr] response to combined stress of acid rain and cadmium-containing atmospheric fine particulate matter.XLSX

Heavy metal-containing atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and acid rain (AR) trigger molecular alteration in plants, perturbing metabolites and damaging plant growth. However, the molecular mechanisms of plants under AR along with Cd-containing atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5-Cd) stress remain unknown. In this study, integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses of pak choi (Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr) exposed to AR (pH3.5) and PM2.5-Cd (500 μg·m−3) stress were performed. Metabolomics analyses revealed that AR-Cd stress mainly affected 42 metabolic pathways, including 451 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs). RNA-seq identified 735 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs: 557 upregulated and 178 downregulated). Further analysis found several important DEGs (transcription factors, metabolic pathways genes, and signal transduction genes), including WRKY11, WRKY53, WRKY41, MYB73, NAC062, NAC046, HSFA4A, ABCC3, CAXs, GSTs, AZFs, PODs, PME41, CYP707A2, and CDPK32 implying that Cd chelate sequestration into the vacuoles, the antioxidant system, cell wall biosynthesis pathway, and calcium signaling play a critical role in AR damage and Cd detoxification. Conjoint revealed phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways with different metabolism patterns, including the key DEM, chlorogenic acids. The results obtained using multiple approaches provide a molecular-scale perspective on plant response to AR-Cd stress.

含重金属的空气颗粒物（PM）和酸雨（AR）可诱导植物分子结构发生改变，干扰代谢过程并损害植物生长。然而，植物在酸雨及含镉空气细颗粒物（PM2.5-Cd）胁迫下的分子机制尚不明确。本研究通过对遭受酸雨（pH3.5）和PM2.5-Cd（500 μg·m−3）胁迫的青菜（Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr）进行转录组学和代谢组学的综合分析，揭示了酸雨-Cd胁迫主要影响了42个代谢途径，包括451个差异表达代谢物（DEMs）。RNA-seq技术鉴定出735个共同差异表达基因（DEGs：其中557个上调，178个下调）。进一步分析发现，WRKY11、WRKY53、WRKY41、MYB73、NAC062、NAC046、HSFA4A、ABCC3、CAXs、GSTs、AZFs、PODs、PME41、CYP707A2、CDPK32等关键差异表达基因（包括转录因子、代谢途径基因和信号转导基因）在镉螯合进入液泡、抗氧化系统、细胞壁生物合成途径及钙信号传导中发挥着至关重要的作用，这些机制对于酸雨损伤及镉解毒过程具有关键意义。联合分析揭示了苯丙烷和黄酮类生物合成途径具有不同的代谢模式，包括关键差异表达代谢物——氯原酸。通过多种方法获得的结果，为从分子尺度上理解植物对酸雨-Cd胁迫的响应提供了新的视角。