ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE AMU DARYA DEPARTMENT AND THE KHIVA KHANATE BASED ON ARCHIVAL SOURCES

Based on archival sources, this article analyzes the political and social relations between the Amu Darya Department and the Khiva Khanate. It highlights the system of control established by Russia over the khanate following the Gandimian Treaty. The study examines the involvement of the head of the department in both foreign and internal affairs of the khanate, issues of tribute (indemnity), and military obligations. It also explores the role of the local population’s appeals to the Russian administration on legal matters and their place within the system of social relations. The research demonstrates that the Amu Darya Department served as an important instrument of the Russian Empire in establishing control over the Khiva Khanate.