Open-source data set for characterizing the charging behavior of electric vehicles

This data publication contains highly frequent measurements for 18 data sets of 16 electrical vehicles (EV) from 12 different manufacturers. It provides information about the charging, the electric vehicle, the charging behaviour and the environment temperature where the charging took place. The measurement data is provided both in low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) datasets. Each dataset represents an exact point of measurement. It is published with the paper "Open-source data set for characterizing the charging behavior of electric vehicles" (DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6265089).

Charging overview and number of measurements

In total, 18 data sets of 16 electrical vehicles (EVs) from 12 manufacturers have been included. The measurements took place from October 28, 2025 to December 02, 2025. A detailed overview of the number of datasets can be obtained from the following table:

Date
Brand
Vehicle type
Number of lf measurements
Number of hf measurements

2025-10-28
Opel
Corsa Electric GS
1,331,504
34,760,000

2025-10-30
VW
e-Golf
1,197,329
125,710,000

2025-11-03
Dacia
Spring
767,515
75,207,650

2025-11-04
Audi
Q4 35 e-tron
1,442,506
151,463,150

2025-11-05
Renault
Zoe
1,396,852
146,670,000

2025-11-06
VW
iD.3
1,392,367
146,198,450

2025-11-07
Nissan
Leaf (ZE1)
1,177,937
123,709,430

2025-11-11
Tesla
Model 3
1,054,758
110,749,450

2025-11-13
MG
4 Luxury
4,296,133
451,093,950

2025-11-14
VW
e-Up!
1,182,875
124,201,900

2025-11-17
Opel
Mokka
1,610,711
186,990,000

2025-11-18
Mini
Cooper E
282,356
30,187,300

2025-11-20
Hyundai
Ioniq 5
2,042,800
239,355,000

2025-11-24
MG
4 Luxury
1,796,051
188,585,350

2025-11-26
KIA
EV6
1,366,135
143,444,200

2025-11-28
Hyundai
Inster
601,559
63,163,650

2025-12-01
KIA
EV6
615,483
64,625,650

2025-12-02
Smart
EQ fortwo
923,020
96,917,150

24,474,687
2,502,695,871

Data format

The data are provided in three formats:

CSV files with default comma-separated values, headers in the first line, uncompressed, and in UTF-8 format (*.csv) - due to the size of the dataset, we only provide a limited amount of data as CSV.

CSV files with default comma-separated values, headers in the first line, gz-compressed, and in UTF-8 format (*.csv.gz) - due to the size of the dataset, we only provide a limited amount of data as compressed CSV.

Apache Parquet files containing highly compressed time series data (*.parquet), equivalent to CSV files for importing into a Database such as DuckDB (recommended approach).

Data tables

The following tables are provided:

Charging overview

File: charging.csv, charging.parqet,

Contains a list of all charging data sets, referencing the date and the car.

Field Name
Format
Description

charging_uuid
String with UUID v4 
The UUID of the charging data set, used as the primary key for identification in all other tables

date
date in YYYY-MM-DD format
The date on which the charging session took place

car_brand
String
The name of the brand of the EV

car_model
String
The name of the model of the EV

car_battery_size
Float (or NULL)
The size of the battery if known in kWh

Low-frequency (lf) EV charging data set

File: ev-charging_lf.csv.gz, ev-charging_lf.parquet

Description: Includes all low-frequency measurements of the cars that are involved in the data publication.

Field Name
Format
Unit
Description

charging_uuid
String with UUID v4 

The UUID of the charging data set, more information can be obtained from the charging table.

timestamp_ns
Unsigned Integer

The UNIX timestamp in nanoseconds

u_l1_v
Float
V
The measured voltage of the first phase in V

u_l2_v
Float
V
The measured voltage of the second phase in V

u_l3_v
Float
V
The measured voltage of the third phase

i_l1_a
Float
A
The measured amperage of the first phase

i_l2_a
Float
A
The measured amperage of the second phase

i_l3_a
Float
A
The measured amperage of the third phase

p_l1_w
Float
W
The calculated performance of the first phase

p_l2_w
Float
W
The calculated performance of the second phase

p_l3_w
Float
W
The calculated performance of the third phase

q_l1_var
Float
Var
The calculated reactive power of the first phase

q_l2_var
Float
Var
The calculated reactive power of the second phase

q_l3_var
Float
Var
The calculated reactive power of the third phase

s_l1_va
Float
VA
The calculated apparent power of the first phase

s_l2_va
Float
VA
The calculated apparent power of the second phase

s_l3_va
Float
VA
The calculated apparent power of the third phase

phi_l1
Float
°
The calculated phase angle of the first phase

phi_l1
Float
°
The calculated phase angle of the second phase

phi_l1
Float
°
The calculated phase angle of the third phase

soc_percent
Float
%
The measured state of charge of the battery

setpoint_a
Float
A
The setpoint of the current timestamp

High-frequency (hf) EV charging data set

File: ev-charging_hf.parquet

Description: Includes all high-frequency measurements of the cars that are involved in the data publication.

Field name
Format
Unit
Description

charging_uuid
String with UUID v4 

The UUID of the charging data set, more information can be obtained from the Charging table.

timestamp_ns
Unsigned Integer

The UNIX timestamp in nanoseconds

u_l1_v
Float
V
The measured voltage of the first phase in V

u_l2_v
Float
V
The measured voltage of the second phase in V

u_l3_v
Float
V
The measured voltage of the third phase

i_l1_a
Float
A
The measured amperage of the first phase

i_l2_a
Float
A
The measured amperage of the second phase

i_l3_a
Float
A
The measured amperage of the second phase

setpoint_a
Float
A
The setpoint of the current timestamp

Environment temperature

File: temperature.csv; temperature.parquet

Description: Contains the environment temperature next to the measuring location (KIT Campus Nord in Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany).

Field name
Format
Description

Time
Unix-Timestamp
The timestamp of the measurement time

Temperature
Float
The measured temperature in Celsius (°C)